Unit 4 -
Video lesson 4.3
"Short Forms"
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4.3 Short Forms
Grammatical Rules
En inglés, el uso de las formas cortas es muy común, en particular se utilizan en el lenguaje coloquial y en situaciones informales.
Los verbos en el presente que tienen formas cortas son “to be” (ser/estar) y “to have”/“have got” (tener). “To do” (forma auxiliar) tiene una forma corta, pero sólo en el negativo.
1. To be
Afirmativo
I am
you are
he is
she is
it is
we are
they are
Forma corta
I´m
youre
he´s
she´s
it´s
we´re
they´re
Negativo
I´m not
you´re not
he´s not
she´s not
it´s not
we're not
they´re not
Ejemplos:
I’m happy.
You’re tall.
She’s pretty.
It’s 10:00.
He’s not here./He isn’t here.
They’re not Spanish./They aren’t Spanish.
2. To have got
Afirmativo
I have got
you have got
he has got
she has got
it has got
we have got
they have got
Forma corta
I´ve got
you´ve got
he´s got
she's got
it´s got
we´ve got
they´ve got
Negativo
I have not got/I haven´t got
you´ve not got/you haven´t got
he´s not got/he hasn´t
she´s not got/she hasn´t got
it´s not got/it hasn´t got
we've not got/we haven´t got
they´ve not got/they haven´t got
3. To do
Negativo
I do not
you do not
he does not
she does not
it does not
we do not
they do not
Forma corta
I don´t
you don´t
he doesn´t
she doesn´t
it doesn´t
we don´t
they don´t
Además de los pronombres personales, podemos usar formas cortas con pronombres interrogativos y las palabras “here” (aquí), “there” (allí) y “that” (eso).
Ejemplos:
Where’s the concert?
Who’s that?
How’s your father?
Here’s the book.
That’s mine.
